Obstructive Sleep Apnea- Clinical Spectrum and Management
نویسندگان
چکیده
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) consists of snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea.OSA is characterized by repeated pharyngeal collapse pharynx (partial or complete) in sleep resulting in cyclical hypoxemia. A combination of anatomical factors and muscular hypotonia of pharyngeal muscles is often responsible for this closure during inspiration. Sympathetic stimulation coupled with release of stress hormones and endothelin impose a significant burden on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems.OSA has serious cardiometabolic consequences. OSA is a risk factor for the development of hypertension,,metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus ischemic heart disease, strokes,deep vein thrombosis, dementia,, gastroesophageal reflux and fatty liver.
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